Which refrigerant is a new alternative to replace R-410A in HVAC systems?

R-32 is considered a new alternative to replace R-410A in HVAC systems primarily due to its lower Global Warming Potential (GWP) and improved energy efficiency. R-32, as a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC), has a GWP of approximately 675, which is significantly lower than that of R-410A, which has a GWP of about 2088. This makes R-32 more environmentally friendly and compliant with regulations aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

In addition to its lower GWP, R-32 has favorable thermodynamic properties that provide better energy efficiency in cooling performance, allowing systems designed for R-32 to operate effectively while using less energy. This can lead to lower electricity bills for consumers and reduced environmental impact.

R-290, while also a refrigerant option, is a propane-based hydrocarbon that may not be suitable for all applications, particularly in high-capacity systems, due to flammability concerns. R-12 is an older refrigerant that has been phased out due to its ozone-depleting properties and is no longer used in modern HVAC systems. R-1234ze, although a low-GWP refrigerant, is used in specific applications and is not a direct