What is convection?

Convection is defined as the transfer of heat through the movement of a fluid, which can include liquids and gases. This process occurs when warmer, less dense portions of a fluid rise while cooler, denser portions sink, creating a circulation pattern. For example, when heating water on a stove, the water at the bottom heats up, becomes less dense, and rises to the top, while cooler water moves down to take its place, resulting in a continuous flow. This mechanism is crucial in HVAC systems as it helps distribute warm or cool air throughout a space efficiently.

The other choices describe other forms of heat transfer. The transfer of heat without contact refers to thermal radiation, while heat transfer through solids typically involves conduction. Thus, they do not accurately represent the process of convection, which specifically requires the movement of a fluid medium.